> ## Content Index > Fetch the complete content index at: https://www.upscprep.com/llms.txt > Use this file to discover other available public pages before exploring further. # Previse 2025: Delhi Sultanate - URL: https://www.upscprep.com/previse-2024-delhi-sultanate/ - Published: 2024-05-02T11:29:58.000Z - Updated: 2025-05-01T06:04:39.000Z - Description: GS1 | History - Author: UPSCprep.com - Tags: Previse 2025, History, UPSC Prelims, #show-toc ## **Delhi Sultanate** The period between 1206 A.D. and 1526 A.D. in India’s history is known as the Delhi Sultanate period. It has five dynasties as enumerated and explained below. ![UPSC | The chronological order of dynasties in Delhi Sultanate is very important | Mamluk (Slave), Khilji (Khalji), Tughlaq, Saiyyad and Lodi Dynasty](https://uttarakhand.pscnotes.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Khilji.gif) ### **Slave or Mamluk Dynasty (1206-1290 CE)** - **Qutub-ud-din Aibak** was the founder of the Slave dynasty, was known as ‘lakh Baksh’ and had capital at Lahore. - He constructed Quwwat-ul-Islam, Adhai din ka Jhonpra and started construction of the Qutub Minar. - Next was **Iltutmish** who shifted capital to Delhi and was the real consolidator of Turkish rule in India. - He created Turkan-i-chahalgani. - Next was **Razia Sultan**, the 1st and only female Muslim ruler of medieval India. - Balban/Ulugh khan said that Sultan was God’s shadow on earth (Zil-i-Ilahi) and recipient of divine grace (Nibyabat-i-Khudai). - He broke the power of the Forty i.e Turkan-i-chahalgani, and introduced the Persian festival Nawrouz. ![Mamluk Dynasty (1206 - 1287) - Medieval India History Notes | UPSC](https://static.prepp.in/public/image/8577ce2bc2b41aa104de7c1464203917.jpeg?tr=w-464,h-512,c-force) ![Slave Dynasty | UPSC](https://vajiram-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/442_Slave_dynasty_09663e5a3b.jpg) ![Three rulers of the Mamluk Dynasty | UPSC](https://hi-static.z-dn.net/files/d1a/b461354e1041dadd0abd3b49ab5f8b4a.jpg) --- ### **Khalji Dynasty (1290-1320 CE)** - **Jalauddin Khalji** was the founder who had a benevolent attitude towards Hindus because of the belief that the State should be based on the willing support of the governed. - He was murdered by son-in-law Alauddin Khalji. - **Alauddin Khalji** became Amir-i-Tuzuk (Master of Ceremonies) and Ariz-i-Mumalik (Minister of Law) during Jalauddin Khalji's reign, but he reversed Alauddin’s policy of tolerance. - He banned intoxicants to avoid social gathering, reorganized spy services (Barids), separated religion from politics and proclaimed “Kingship knows no kinship”. - Under him, Barani wrote the book ‘Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi and poets like-Amir Khusrau and Mir Hasan Dehlv were patronized. Amir Khusrau got the title of Tuti-i-Hind - He constructed Alai Darwaza, Hauz Khas, Alai Minar and a new capital at Siri. he also introduced Chehra and Dagh system, and initiated market reforms. ![Khilji Dynasty | UPSC](https://st.adda247.com/https://wpassets.adda247.com/wp-content/uploads/multisite/sites/5/2022/04/19122325/khilji-dynasty-map.jpg) ![Alai Darwaza](https://www.cleartrip.com/collections/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Alai-Darwaza.jpg) ![Alai Minar](https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/IL3MHyvbPPO-DAofrKK--8SDqnMSr6XK_jwuHlstjeehis-qLgHN0kNT6H-JXeexBJe1hq-PHa1hPwIJmogHq-Uc2ddFgqZ_ikcgumD5KSaG2Pu9ruVP7UWydL0dXY2k9twgx-7yLO0h2UvwmjM8rtU) --- ![](https://storage.ghost.io/c/92/07/9207d054-5e99-4b26-b8c8-424994497a07/content/images/2024/04/image-53.png) [Join Now](https://courses.upscprep.com/products?ref=upscprep.com) --- ### **Tughlaq (1320-1413 CE)** - **Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq** was the founder and he built a strong fort called Tughlaqabad near Delhi. - He was the 1st Sultan to start Irrigation works and his rise is documented in Amir Khusrau’s famous work “TughlaqNama”. - Next was **Mohammad Bin Tughlaq** under whom the Delhi Sultanate reached its zenith. - He advanced secular policies and defeated the Mongols - Ibn-Batuta was his contemporary and his envoy to China. - He built Adilabad fort and the city of Jahanpanah. - He set up Diwan-i-amir- kohi to extend cultivation by giving loans (taccavi loans). - But his blunders include transferring capital from Delhi to Daulatabad, issuing of token currency, Khorasan project to counter the Chinese and the failed Quarachi expedition. - **Firoz Shah Tughlaq** adopted an appeasement policy and extended the principle of heredity to the army & nobility. - The Iqta system was revived and made hereditary. - To appease theologians, Firoz prohibited Muslim women from worship, gave concessions to theologians and made jizya a separate tax. - Hospitals called Dar-ul-shifa and royal factories called karkhanas were set up, Diwan -i-Bandagan or department for slaves made and Sharb or irrigation tax was imposed. - Malik Sarwar, a noble and wazir, asserted independence and assumed the title of Malik-us-Sharq. - **Nasiruddin Muhammad** was the last ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty as Taimur invaded India during his reign. ![PROBLEMS OF A CENTRALISED ALL-INDIA STATE—GHIYASUDDIN AND MUHAMMAD BIN TUGHLAQ (1320-1351) – SELF STUDY HISTORY](https://i0.wp.com/selfstudyhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/c08ac-6-1.jpg?ssl=1) ![Tughlaq (1320-1413 CE) | UPSC](https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/tEEDRIuiV9coxSOMgF3xstS1tHtuSiCsYy07YIytHW5M1u64p2gggE1E7WeiRzvuQTwgwQs9JEmS6H2pCiGE_1oslY1UaSxdTVuO5WSrbdOkzvc8CEmhtzFaSueq4FKv2GEBOaDCnf8pRKLm25TfBXI) ![Tughlaq (1320-1413 CE) | UPSC](https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/gzaluqLHN5B4AmQ-tC9NUBZ422jgtytFl86DFGcfFGO0kQCgjY97pviRzkJb8aH_PX86hmhIesSNXRX4gVfa-MrfemEvUBKzIjN9Cgeny7xws8yonyf4_S-n9ABI78KfYBK8CRrtBwH_SZIXJQkvDYo) --- ### **Saiyyad Dynasty (1414-1451 CE)** - It was founded by **Khizr Khan**, who was appointed as Governor of Multan by Timur before departing from India. - He died in 1421 and was succeeded by Mubarak Shah and later Muhammad Shah. - Last ruler Alauddin Alam Shah was the weakest and he handed over the throne to Bahlul Lodi. ![File:Map of the Sayyid Dynasty.png](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Map_of_the_Sayyid_Dynasty.png/648px-Map_of_the_Sayyid_Dynasty.png) ![](https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/qWSDp1Pawc3CRwCyFal6qFCeRnueVQaPoq2ylpIkoIX2JnFqtGgFgCQ47yzvPLe0pmzcsis694l2nzUCv0F73gVsRQRpjq_ijCLVKDZrHJVGE4GQPQWy0glErEUWsEgfgEBCQnJ96-c3lZuJ52qkres) ![Sayyid dynasty of the Delhi Empire | UPSC](https://qph.cf2.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-6b7dd3b58b234a0a74216ccd7eb51b78-lq) --- ### **Lodhi Dynasty (1451-1526 CE)** - Founded by Bahlul Khan Lodi, it was the last dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate and was of Afghan origin. - Sikandar Lodi was the next ruler who was a contemporary of Mahmud Begarha and Rana Sanga. - He founded Agra and transferred the capital from Delhi. - He established a new yard measurement system called the Gaz-i-Sikandari but being an orthodox and a bigot, he reimposed the Jizya on Hindus. - Next ruler was his son, Ibrahim Lodi, who was defeated in 1526 at the Battle of Panipat. - This was the end of the Lodi Dynasty and Delhi sultanate, and the rise of the Mughal Empire. ![Lodi Dynasty (1451 - 1526 AD) - Medieval India History Notes | UPSc](https://static.prepp.in/public/image/9ce34d55d98e60725241f9626e134692.png?tr=w-451,h-512,c-force) ![Lodhi Dynasty (1451-1526 CE) | UPSC](https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/Q2yot5-VMwGTxJhS4v6NVDDO7zY1PjlYcbT9gnmw3g-rKWATqoQqIl3UFTglHFfvUs-oVnqqiQoqDkvBpeaJBM0bSYYIBV0JVyh2k1e3BSis411nuCPNZFkqJannUSgr0aqe-gMvkXRMxpjPykn4910) ![Lodhi Dynasty (1451-1526 CE) | UPSC](https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/d6DlTCSI7BP_4ImDWoRhcRehRbfT17sekJtAROXsxtLC9GODxfQC99jbEuq5X7FVqp_ie4LVbH9eneH4qUxNIMZlqEASbFMyktDWdJ2AaY13tYGMKlcGN0a9AwCTsupHkrXKGZhvZVdkMnSWiMs4rbY) ## Sign up for UPSCprep.com Simplify your UPSC journey Subscribe Email sent! 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