> ## Content Index > Fetch the complete content index at: https://www.upscprep.com/llms.txt > Use this file to discover other available public pages before exploring further. # Previse 2025: Developments in S&T - URL: https://www.upscprep.com/previse-2024-recent-developments-in-science-and-technology/ - Published: 2024-05-06T08:15:16.000Z - Updated: 2025-05-01T06:04:00.000Z - Description: GS3 | Space | Health | Computers - Author: UPSCprep.com - Tags: Previse 2025, UPSC Prelims, Current Affairs, #show-toc The UPSC Civil Services Examination demands an understanding of contemporary advancements. In this ever-evolving landscape, Science and Technology (S&T) hold immense potential to revolutionize governance and national security. This introductory section explores some of the latest breakthroughs in S&T, highlighting their potential impact on India's future and underlining their relevance for the UPSC aspirant. ### **PRATUSH** - **Probing ReionizATion of the Universe using Signal from Hydrogen (PRATUSH)** is a **high-resolution telescope** to be posted on the moon and in its orbit. - It is a radio telescope built by the Raman Research Institute (RRI) in Bengaluru in collaboration with the ISRO. - The telescope will detect signals from the first stars and galaxies and help understand the universe's cosmic dawn. - It will give insight into the formation of the first stars, their nature and the nature of light from the first stars. - The frequency-independent antenna, an analogue receiver and a digital correlator will help catch radio noise from the Dark Ages. ![PRATUSH experiment concept and design overview | UPSC](https://media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10686-023-09909-5/MediaObjects/10686_2023_9909_Fig13_HTML.png) ![PRATUSH Telescope | UPSC](https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/Lt4Wzdx15iSMuhclBF7PLr1V6aEEBxD_jr5p1bpgRvc3j9Ym1ECqh3lklcx3Zf7iK_IjZzZaOpnKN2qEQfZx3joAKELdfaGyLhig0zi4xDld66tBQMxkdS9nhySC4xUva9QVmU9Hmv27SxA8Vnf7zTg) --- ### **POEM-3** - ISRO launched PSLV-C58/XPoSat to **ensure it left no debris in space**, by turning the last stage of the rocket into a small space station called POEM-3 - **PSLV Orbital Experimental Module-3** was developed by the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre. - ISRO ensured POEM (powered by solar panels) orbit the earth as a stabilized platform to perform in-orbit scientific experiments. - It communicates with ISRO’s NavIC satellite constellation for navigation and communicates with the ground station via telecommand system. ![PSLV Orbital Experimental Module - UPSC](https://compass.rauias.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/image-34.png) ![Space Junk | UPSC ](https://images.hindustantimes.com/rf/image_size_640x362/HT/p2/2016/12/09/Pictures/space-junk_b2f87a10-be05-11e6-a898-3949986517f3.jpg) ![Space debris - Wikipedia](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Space_sustainability_urgency_in_earth_orbits_white.png/1200px-Space_sustainability_urgency_in_earth_orbits_white.png) --- ### **MIRV Technology** - Agni-5 missile with MIRV technology (Multiple Independently Targetable Reentry Vehicle) undertook the first flight test of Mission Divyastra. - India publicly acknowledged development of the MIRV technology which is possessed by major nuclear countries. - It can deliver multiple warheads at different locations, which can include decoys to deceive the enemy’s ballistic missile program. - Agni-5 can strike targets over 5,000 kilometers away with a payload capacity of around 1,500 kilograms. ![Incorporating MIRV Technology | MIRV technology (Multiple Independently Targetable Reentry Vehicle) | UPSC](https://drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1710853726_MIRV%20Technology.png) ![ MIRV technology (Multiple Independently Targetable Reentry Vehicle) | UPSC](https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/0kT8XnU8u_MMzq7UBjfGosHVW8nsdxD4lAKppgFs4FrfodfJLjFOO1UL2yngUbUK73Va0BcL9_8dUwXtjrwMRiNGp2CUsvzzCyzWtv0Cds9SjjclWwGAhSsXt6CmG-R3Ws-XVkVXp8AMzm0vMvmgnrQ) ![ MIRV technology (Multiple Independently Targetable Reentry Vehicle) | UPSC](https://storage.ghost.io/c/92/07/9207d054-5e99-4b26-b8c8-424994497a07/content/images/2024/05/uPIj4hH-W-EQ4Qztv1L2vLtaBCni0s6giEyXsIVV5_JOtMc52b1a0bHT9ErFqdfxDP7eosIHPgQp5V83GdsPooR8RJqzQUt9w2ruXVo0l3DxeWGYxck-SvPciBvzPJI5l9DMwnC43rjWkOWc5UX5rz4-1.png) --- ![](https://storage.ghost.io/c/92/07/9207d054-5e99-4b26-b8c8-424994497a07/content/images/2024/05/1.-UPSCprep-Banner-2.png) [Join Now](https://courses.upscprep.com/products?ref=upscprep.com) --- ### **iOncology-AI Project** - AIIMS Delhi developed an **AI powered model iOncology-AI Project**, integrated with a supercomputer for informed decisions regarding cancer treatment. - It is a collaborative effort between **AIIMS Delhi**, **C-DAC** and **MEITY**. - The use of AI-enabled advanced algorithms assists doctors in treatment based on comprehensive genomic data analysis. - A patient's genetic makeup and alterations in genes can be deciphered by genome sequencing. ![AIIMS Delhi developed an AI powered model iOncology-AI Project | UPSC](https://storage.ghost.io/c/92/07/9207d054-5e99-4b26-b8c8-424994497a07/content/images/2024/05/image-17.png) ![AIIMS Delhi developed an AI powered model iOncology-AI Project | UPSC](https://storage.ghost.io/c/92/07/9207d054-5e99-4b26-b8c8-424994497a07/content/images/2024/05/image-18.png) ![AIIMS Delhi developed an AI powered model iOncology-AI Project | UPSC](https://storage.ghost.io/c/92/07/9207d054-5e99-4b26-b8c8-424994497a07/content/images/2024/05/image-19.png) --- ### **Brainoware** - Recently, scientists fused brain-like tissues with electronics to make an organoid neural network called brainoware which is a computer-like structure.. - Lab-grown real human brain tissues were used to create mini-brains known as organoids. These organoids are 3D clusters of brain cells which are simply tissue structures without thoughts or feelings. - Brain organoids are formed by extracting human pluripotent stem cells and are aggregates of early-stage neurons, mature neurons, neuron progenitor cells and astrocytes. - Brainoware uses an artificial neural network to connect these organoids to microelectrodes by a process known as reservoir computing. ![ Brainoware | UPSC](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/1*jHgNLpK_pgvYgMXIY1JQIQ.png) ![UPSC | Organoid intelligence (OI): the new frontier in biocomputing and intelligence-in-a-dish](https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1017235/fsci-01-1017235-HTML-r9/image_m/fsci-01-1017235-g001.jpg) --- ### **Fast Radio Burst (FRBs)** - It is a pulse of electromagnetic radiation of radio-frequency lasting a small fraction of a second but outshining most other sources of radio waves. - FRBs release as much energy in a short time as the Sun does in weeks or even years. - Origin of FRBs is based on theories like supermassive black holes, magnetars (highly magnetic neutron stars) etc. - They can be detected using radio telescopes because they are short-lived bursts of radio waves. - Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), to be launched in the early 2030s, will help in studying FRBs extensively. ![Fast Radio Burst (FRBs) | UPSC](https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/C5pMxHCUjmAGspaidpVDJ0cc8XYmErFFu2tRNGPfGFKzP1Ro9oLXLiwpekmy2zMx0WS4k5G1bSNbOk4-AP3YMG1A8k6HztbnvrZdRxIBhgbi5bA_5MzJc8BlwgRZwnx1ZWBjkLLx8DoZt6-2RVpITG4) ![What is a Fast Radio Burst (FRB) | UPSC](https://d18x2uyjeekruj.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/frb.jpg) ![Fast radio bursts used as 'searchlights' to detect gas in Milky Way | UPSC](https://scx2.b-cdn.net/gfx/news/2023/fast-radio-bursts-used.jpg) --- ### **Juice Jacking** - Juice jacking is a type of **cyberattack** where hackers **tamper public USB charging ports** with malware. - It is done through malicious charging stations by use of pre-programmed hardware or software in areas like airports, hotels, cafes, etc. After plugging in devices, the compromised port can be remotely accessed and sensitive data can be extracted. - Also, charging cables can be replaced by cybercriminals with malicious ones to intercept data. - Apart from awareness and avoidance, users can use a virtual private network and ensure that devices have the latest security updates installed. ![ Juice jacking is a type of cyberattack where hackers tamper public USB charging ports with malware | UPSC](https://nmfta.org/wp-content/media/2023/05/Juice-Jacking-Graphic-1.png) ![Juice jacking is a type of cyberattack where hackers tamper public USB charging ports with malware | UPSC](https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/rx3Szg1Q0-nIs8M9DU6vVk80BMcne8eHzqpAe--aIfcPR2S2LoD25vSGWHYvzhUMfuj1UzlaU_VvrdwFKehhVXi7LJ9acyL8D_4TcPkLFUBNkQXneTzcZlpMztnDqfH05UShIlTyujdlpvX4D9MZlnU) ![Juice jacking is a type of cyberattack where hackers tamper public USB charging ports with malware | UPSC](https://storage.ghost.io/c/92/07/9207d054-5e99-4b26-b8c8-424994497a07/content/images/2024/05/image-20.png) --- ### **SIMA** - **Scalable Instructable Multiworld Agent** or SIMA is an AI Agent which can itself process data and take actions. - It is a generalist virtual buddy AI Agent capable of doing different tasks in all sorts of virtual environments - It has been trained to process human language as it understands commands which can help accomplish tasks. - SIMA is capable of learning and adapting through the interactions it has with the user. More interaction means SIMA gets smarter by learning from its experiences. ![](https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/iJacpcbSijXbTbfKuRVwprrx58QfVkMb4PdsLVK3_eUWISmPuPMUaKEwnbNT-gRaxcrt-0DzxsFUVAD9uam4wh_Xe6aWIiHvpTJdDLnnlWM1U5DJ26kC15rvqszeht2YpuJrjcNBVuAqS5AnBArcGeA) ![ SIMA, a Scalable Instructable Multiworld Agent | UPSC](https://external-preview.redd.it/introducing-sima-a-scalable-instructable-multiworld-agent-v0-toTZ_jYn7UE0JcZnb0pNouqX0S_IaILjIO4tIMOjyeY.jpg?auto=webp&s=1c7b1de97cf3f9bd0c975eff44629d8afd01ec46) ## Sign up for UPSCprep.com Simplify your UPSC journey Subscribe Email sent! Check your inbox to complete your signup. No spam. Unsubscribe anytime.