> ## Content Index > Fetch the complete content index at: https://www.upscprep.com/llms.txt > Use this file to discover other available public pages before exploring further. # Previse 2025: S&T most important current affairs - URL: https://www.upscprep.com/science-and-technology-current-affairs-upsc-cse-prelims/ - Published: 2024-04-25T09:28:36.000Z - Updated: 2025-05-01T06:07:00.000Z - Description: GS3 | Science and Technology - Author: UPSCprep.com - Tags: Previse 2025, UPSC Prelims, Current Affairs, #show-toc The ever-evolving landscape of Science and Technology (S&T) holds immense significance for the UPSC Civil Services Examination. From shaping national policies to tackling global challenges, a comprehensive understanding of these advancements is crucial for future leaders. This article delves into the most captivating and UPSC-relevant topics in S&T, equipping you with the knowledge to excel in your preparations. Let's read. ### **CAR-T Cell Therapy** ![CAR T Cell Therapy in India | CAR T or chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy | UPSC | Science and Technology | Current Affairs](https://www.lyfboat.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Car-T-Cell-Therapy-1024x479.jpg) ![CAR T or chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy | UPSC | Science and Technology | Current Affairs](https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/fgUgxs1LxDri6JGzYG3D8HNkBmcKkhqmXominffGdFUJ4iY0_RJZtXbitKMApvChwCbkcgKpdKmT0CgRfcSxPq0mGHNdo-TweMDIKyE1cX1cNoYH8gl5JX_a_ovIW95RFKBkHYghxNjwobcyCMvPQt4) ![CAR T-Cell Therapy: What It Is & How It Works | CAR T or chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy | UPSC | Science and Technology | Current Affair](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/-/scassets/Images/org/health/articles/17726-car-t-cell-therapy) - CAR T or **chimeric antigen receptor T cell** therapy is an approach in cancer treatment that engineers a patient's T cells to attack their tumors. - T cells are extracted, genetically modified to target cancer antigens and the engineered CAR T cells are reinfused back into the patient's body to provoke a potent immune response. - Unlike general immunotherapies that boost the overall immune system, CAR T cell therapy specifically attacks their cancer cells making it a personalized cell therapy. - There are some limitations like toxicity risks and high costs. --- ### **Vikas Engine** ![Vikas Engine | UPSC Current Affairs](https://www.tnpscthervupettagam.com/assets/home/media/general/original_image/23-171.jpg) ![Vikas Engine | UPSC Current Affairs](https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/r8ThoBHOHVBTt5RLtcAybkafwpHtJJawtrZelPKrxGf8RmkRt1XXfZOSG8t_GYRFiWAf1ugt0ijQjxXgo0Z6-HmrLmDbTiiieYkeUC5BxD3zZqSOuaTQAj0f-9DdH_OENFAuh2VTzZgokjYu0lG4beM) ![Vikas Engine | UPSC Current Affairs](https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/df5xQnj6eoZ6Y9ozazxlvka6PMMdc9742c6L94CG1wwFL780XdEUbKXxsQCrJYywciYmarACi4u_T6AxlEudS5jbfUgOR-SroZo0V_ETlRsyE6-5n9eqRu6Mou7djWTDwc_5ZETxEvQKCEU57Gj2IRs) - The Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre of ISRO developed the Vikas Engine in the 1970s with help from France. - It is a family of **liquid-fueled rocket engines** and named in honor of Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai. - These engines can be applied in the **Core Stage** (Liquid Propulsion) of ISRO's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV). - It has a vital role in the boosters and second stage of the GSLV Mark I and II, powering the second stage of the PSLV and as the core stage engine for LVM3. --- ### **Tokamak** ![Tokamak | UPSC | Science and Technology Current Affairs | What is fusion energy?](https://qph.cf2.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-cfe35329044feabd5ef81d752ba64f6d-lq) ![Tokamak | UPSC | Science and Technology Current Affairs](https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/YjdE3hxJY-zOVRvkEsqILf7C6c6YOrB3zSc8SIB2bJZ0z_J6dq8Ozgpg6R1-8hLArXtttZoY-4de_nINE2CTk8KzRjhwrOMTqgzMq4oOMakZc9jB0D3O_ImU0uPmQzgrBfFJckv2l5nRDiOyNTB4r4Q) ![Tokamak | UPSC | Science and Technology Current Affairs](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/2017_TOCAMAC_Fusion_Chamber_N0689.jpg/800px-2017_TOCAMAC_Fusion_Chamber_N0689.jpg) - Tokamak is a **device to perform nuclear fusion** by confining plasma with use of magnetic field coils. - This produces the required conditions for fusion reaction on the Earth. - **T-1** was the first tokamak to operate in Russia in 1958. - It can provide a climate-friendly energy source and is the base for conducting the ITER project. - In the nuclear fusion process, light nuclei fuse together to form heavier nuclei and release enormous amounts of energy. - This is much more than the energy released by nuclear fission. --- ### **Shukrayaan** ![ Venus Orbiter Mission| Shukrayaan 1 | ISRO's first planned mission to the planet Venus | UPSC | Science and Technology Current affairs](https://storage.ghost.io/c/92/07/9207d054-5e99-4b26-b8c8-424994497a07/content/images/2024/04/image-47.png) ![ Venus Orbiter Mission| Shukrayaan 1 | ISRO's first planned mission to the planet Venus | UPSC | Science and Technology Current affairs](https://storage.ghost.io/c/92/07/9207d054-5e99-4b26-b8c8-424994497a07/content/images/2024/04/image-48.png) ![ Venus Orbiter Mission| Shukrayaan 1 | ISRO's first planned mission to the planet Venus | UPSC | Science and Technology Current affairs](https://storage.ghost.io/c/92/07/9207d054-5e99-4b26-b8c8-424994497a07/content/images/2024/04/image-49.png) - The **Venus Orbiter Mission** or **Shukrayaan 1** is ISRO's first planned mission to the planet Venus. - The 2500 kg spacecraft will **orbit Venus** to study what lies beneath the surface of the hottest planet with sulfuric acid clouds in the solar system. - The mission will be executed by a GSLV Mk II rocket with payloads like a high-resolution synthetic aperture radar and a ground-penetrating radar. - Mission is challenging as Venus has a dense atmosphere which hides its surface and hence is difficult to study. - The mission is important as scientists had discovered phosphine gas in Venus' clouds which indicates microbial life on the planet. --- **We can't clear UPSC for you.** But with our ***personalised mentor support***, you'll be ready to do it yourself. [Join Now](https://courses.upscprep.com/products?ref=upscprep.com) --- ### **Web 5.0** ![Evolution of The Web | Web 0 to Web 5 | UPSC | Science and Technology Current Affairs](https://storage.ghost.io/c/92/07/9207d054-5e99-4b26-b8c8-424994497a07/content/images/2024/04/0-wsSDT0RcnF1Q9dDW-1.png) ![Web 5.0 | Evolution of The Web | Web 0 to Web 5 | UPSC | Science and Technology Current Affairs](https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/7C0nTjhFCZIEdGRs2qrYZgx48MZpZZb9G5b3vtxLJPTZlj5OUPkkHCdYNE3gVlMsp7CCfXxobkZMaiWkd1jHAeuhaIT-fi1eJfE3Q5n2Y3X9BtxdxObUXyIcPMkOR6m65r38C5S_EA3MsAdXVrbRTw8) ![Metaverse in Industry 5.0 | Evolution of The Web | Web 0 to Web 5 | UPSC | Science and Technology Current Affairs](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/encyclopedia/encyclopedia-03-00080/article_deploy/html/images/encyclopedia-03-00080-ag-550.jpg?1693806700) - Web 5.0 **allows people to 'own their identity’** and **'manage their data’** on the Internet as it shares features like communication with servers from Web 2.0 and decentralization features from Web 3.0\. - Users can participate through their own blockchain arrangement which will safeguard their data privacy as there is absence of intermediary. - Main feature of the Web 5.0 version is **emotional intelligence** usingblockchain, **deep learning** and **Artificial Intelligence**. - Consumers will get the benefits of decentralization and cryptographic security. --- ### **Microbial Fuel Cell** ![Microbial electrolysis cell | Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) | UPSC | Sciecne and Technology | Current Affairs](https://storage.ghost.io/c/92/07/9207d054-5e99-4b26-b8c8-424994497a07/content/images/2024/04/GFI85-hYxPZSDv_AcNp2A8BqRiO9-Uk7Ms-ZeC4lqrp9O5BLD-v0Lt0iR_yozJ2uJPdFRQI5FnjApNbPq_SkFLYcYAEocOdP2pwdYzh7G9YuAZV9QYprohay7y4uX1GYjRXCVl1rKBmE2tXsTmzvI0Q.png) ![Microbial electrolysis cell | Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) | UPSC | Sciecne and Technology | Current Affairs](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Microbial_electrolysis_cell.png) - Microbial fuel cells use **bacteria as catalysts**, with anode and cathode compartments separated by a cationic membrane, to oxidize matter and generate electricity. - Microbes in anode compartment metabolize organic compounds like glucose and donate electrons. This metabolism generates electrons and protons. - Electrons transferred to the anode surface are further moved to the cathode and are consumed along with protons in the presence of oxygen. - This generates electrical power. - **Applications** include low-cost electricity from waste, bioremediation and wastewater treatment. --- ### **Edge Computing** ![Edge Computing | UPSC Current Affairs](https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/qR8gMF0Y0H6LhTPVi63_6SzeR31YlxO8kQHYqWO28MgYkTEOPdiwGiJJEDIXdtUk_nthw7dxnB3LrdlpT7gRpPD1-CRDTlHUvaHAiFa8Asfvx-FbXPGyciFFSSkGAioCfEDvJ_7oVCtlUWz_b3L81zg) ![What is Edge Computing: AI use Cases | Edge Computing | UPSC](https://jelvix.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/AI-application-in-edge-computing.jpg) - Edge computing involves faster and more extensive data processing at the network's periphery close to the source of origin. - **Latency and cost is low** as compared to cloud computing giving real-time action-led outcomes. - Other **advantages** include scalability, privacy, autonomy and edge AI. - Its **applications** include **smart grids**, **autonomous robots**, **self-driving cars**, data from **smart equipment** etc. --- ### **Genome India** ![Genome India Project | UPSC Current Affairs | Science and Technology](https://d18x2uyjeekruj.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/genome.jpg) ![Genome India | UPSC](https://storage.ghost.io/c/92/07/9207d054-5e99-4b26-b8c8-424994497a07/content/images/2024/04/oRAe11sn_BNy26gT2mESR_np6TCW9IvRDWLBB5gw7eKqwBA_jXm6WC-3WN8IH44HPpaOiL1PiXd8ww2oxssrXVgAmH-YCetdn6t8yxwnOA1vxDLWZxinXaqAEgGEYG3ELjnOSwWlnE8exLriM_6afLY.png) - Launched in 2020, the **Department of Biotechnology** funded the projectand executed by the Centre for Brain Research. - It will identify genetic variations from across India using whole genome sequencing to create an exhaustive catalogue of genetic variations. - For research and diagnostics, it will **develop low-cost genome-wide arrays** and a **biobank** for DNA and plasma samples. - It is important for creating a database to understand about unique genetic variants and use this information to tailor drugs and therapies. ## Sign up for UPSCprep.com Simplify your UPSC journey Subscribe Email sent! 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