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# Sociology Daily Answer Writing (01-09-2022)
- URL: https://www.upscprep.com/sociology-daily-answer-writing-01-09-2022/
- Published: 2022-08-31T17:25:34.000Z
- Updated: 2022-08-31T17:25:34.000Z
- Author: UPSCprep.com
- Tags: Socio Daily Writing

### Questions

1. Analyse the impact of legislation on marriage and inheritance in India. 10
2. Explain the research of Human Relation School on the social organisation of the work. 10

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**1\. Analyse the impact of legislation on marriage and inheritance in India. 10**

**Model Structure**  
**Impact on marriages & divorces:**

- The form of marriage changed from polygamous to monogamous because of legislations such as Hindu Marriage Act
- The 1869 Divorce Act and subsequent 2001 amendment made one of the grounds of divorce i.e., adultery more gender neutral
- With respect to Islamic personal laws, the recent Triple Talaq Act has made instant triple talaq illegal thereby enhancing security of Muslim women
- The age at marriage is impacted by legislations such as Child Marriage Act and Age of Consent Act (Current debate about raising minimum marriageable age of girls)
- Sati became obsolete because of legislative intervention
- Widow remarriage was promoted via Widow Remarriage Act enacted in the pre-independence era
- The provision of spousal maintenance after divorce came about because of legislations
- Special marriage act: provision for civil marriage irrespective of the religion or faith followed by either party → interfaith and inter-caste marriage  
Impact on inheritance:
- The Hindu Succession Act 1956 and subsequent 2005 amendment made the daughters equal coparceners. This resulted in improved bargaining power for Hindu women  
  - Recently, the Supreme Court (SC) has expanded the Hindu women’s right to be the coparcener (joint legal heir) and inherit ancestral property on terms equal to male heirs.
- The patrilineal systems of inheritances such as Mitakshara and Dayabhaga got supplanted with Bilineal inheritance systems
- Cardinality principle of inheritance also changed & all offspring are equal coparceners

**Conclusion**

- Demand for Uniform Civil Code (Art. 44) to ensure equal marriage, divorce and inheritance laws across different religions

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**2\. Explain the research of Human Relation School on the social organisation of the work. 10**

**Model Framework:**  
**Introduction:**

- Research by Elton Mayo at the General Electric Company in Chicago which was named by him as a Hawthorne experiment concluded that group relationship and management worker communication is far more important in determining behaviour than physical condition.

**Main body:**

- Employee behaviour depends primarily on the social organisational circumstances of work. Leadership style, group cohesion and job satisfaction are major determinants.
- Employees work better if they are given tasks
- Standard set internally by working group influence more than by management
- Individual workers cannot be treated in isolation but to be seen as members of a group.
- Monetary incentives and good working conditions are less important than belonging to a group.
- Managers must be aware of the social needs of the employees and thus employees will collaborate with the official organisation rather than work against it.
- Criticism  
  - Study lacks scientific base
  - Sample size was very small
  - Employees were under observation might impact their behaviour

**Conclusion:**

- Human relations school approach and four sizes more on social conditions inside as well as outside the organisation
- Thus to establish emotional bonds with employees, today organisations arrange cultural festivals on lines of human relation schools suggestions.

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