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# Sociology Daily Answer Writing (14-12-2022)
- URL: https://www.upscprep.com/sociology-daily-answer-writing-14-12-2022/
- Published: 2022-12-14T02:08:36.000Z
- Updated: 2022-12-14T02:08:36.000Z
- Author: UPSCprep.com
- Tags: Socio Daily Writing

### Questions

1. Explain the Probability Sampling strategies with examples. 10
2. Discuss Questionnaire as a technique of data collection. What are the characteristics of a good questionnaire? 10

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### Model Solutions

**Q1\. Explain the Probability Sampling strategies with examples. 10**

**Model Structure** 
**Introduction**

- Definition of Sampling
- Definition of Probability Sampling

**Main Body**

- Types of Probability Sampling with slight explanation - simple random, stratified random, random cluster and systematic sampling (You can use figures for explaining these types)
- Examples - Use probability sampling to collect data, even if you collect it from a smaller population.
- Benefits - cost effective, simple and straightforward.
- Limitations - reliability of sample, problem of Quantification.  
Steps to conduct probability sampling
1. Choose your population of interest carefully and then include them in the sample.
2. Determine a suitable sample frame
3. Select your sample and start your survey:

**Conclusion**

- Despite limitations, it provides cost effective and simple investigation of social issues.

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**Q2\. Discuss Questionnaire as a technique of data collection. What are the characteristics of a good questionnaire? 10**

**Model Framework** 
**Introduction**

- Define Questionnaire: Questionnaire is a set of printed or written questions with a choice of answers, devised for the purposes of a survey or statistical study. It is used primarily as a quantitative data collection tool.

**Main Body**

- Characteristics of a good questionnaire:  
  - Unambiguous
  - It should not have doubtful questions
  - It should be appealing to the target audience
  - It should be brief
  - Aesthetically appealing
  - Mode of administration conducive to the target audience (soft/hard copy)
  - Coherent placement of questions
  - It should be intriguing
  - There shouldn’t be repetition
- Use of questionnaire in sociological research- explain with examples  
  - Goldthorpe and Lockwood affluent worker study
- Advantages  
  - Cheapest, fastest and relatively easiest method of quantitative data collection
  - High validity and reliability in close ended questionnaire
  - Flexibility in data collection
  - Highly objective
  - Limited need of experts
  - Scope for generalisation of data.
- Limitations of using questionnaire for data collection  
  - Leading questions can influence the response of participant
  - Social desirability bias
  - Non-response bias
  - Poor return of postal questionnaire
  - Researchers bias → sequence and questions are decided by him/her based on own values  
  Note: Advantages and Limitations can be eliminated or explained briefly in 10 marker question, but they must be explained in 20 marker question.

**Conclusion**

- Hybrid of quantitative methods like questionnaire and quantitative method must be used for sociological research.  
  - Triangulation Method given by Norman K Denizen
  - Socio logic by Micheal Mann

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