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# UPSC Mains Daily Answer Writing - 20 September (GS 1)
- URL: https://www.upscprep.com/upsc-mains-daily-answer-writing-20-september-gs-1/
- Published: 2023-09-20T04:30:42.000Z
- Updated: 2023-09-21T13:18:36.000Z
- Author: UPSCprep.com
- Tags: UPSC Mains Daily Answer Writing

## Questions

1. Why is the world today confronted with a crisis of availability of and access to freshwater resources? (10)
2. How are fjords formed? Why do they constitute some of the most picturesque areas of the world? (10)

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### Model Solutions

**Why is the world today confronted with a crisis of availability of and access to freshwater resources? (10)**

**Model Structure** 
**Introduction**

- Only 2.5% of total water on the planet is freshwater which is essential for drinking, agriculture, industry, and ecosystem needs. This indicates that their responsible management and conservation is essential for sustainability. OR
- The crisis of freshwater resources is because of increasing demand, pollution, climate change, and unsustainable practices which threaten the ecosystems, communities, and economies worldwide. OR
- The depletion of freshwater resources is because of unsustainable extraction, pollution, and climate-related impacts which are diminishing the availability of this vital resource.

**Main body**  
The crisis of availability of and access to freshwater resources is due to many factors like-

- Population Growth.
- Climate Change.
- Over-extraction for agriculture, industry, and urban areas.
- Pollution from agricultural runoff, industrial discharges etc.
- Deforestation which disrupts the natural water cycle.
- Land use changes like urbanization.
- Water Mismanagement due to poor governance, lack of regulations, and inadequate infrastructure.
- Inequitable access due to socioeconomic disparities.

**Conclusion**

- Depletion of freshwater resources must be addressed by sustainable management, conservation, and responsible consumption practices to ensure global well-being. OR
- Proactive steps like rainwater harvesting, watershed management, river interlinking, Jal Shakti Abhiyaan etc must be promoted to address the depletion of freshwater resources.

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**2\. How are fjords formed? Why do they constitute some of the most picturesque areas of the world? (10)**

**Model Structure** 
**Introduction**

- Fiord or fjord is a narrow and steep-sided inlet created by glaciers and are formed in areas when one end of a deep glacial trough is filled with ocean water. OR
- Fjords are geologic formations created as a result from the interplay of glaciers, tectonic activity, and sea-level changes, carving dramatic, steep-sided inlets along coastal landscapes.

**Main body**

They constitute some of the most picturesque areas of the world due to elements like-

- Steep cliffs adorned with lush vegetation and cascading waterfalls.
- Crystal clear waters.
- Glacial blue ice.
- Snow-Capped peaks.
- Serene inlets ideal for boating and wildlife observation.
- Rich biodiversity including whales, seals, and seabirds.
- Cultural heritage.

**Conclusion**

- Fjords have huge ecological, recreational, and cultural value which makes them vital for biodiversity, tourism, and local communities, emphasizing the need for their preservation. OR
- Fjords provide benefits like fostering biodiversity and supporting fisheries to providing breathtaking landscapes and recreational opportunities which makes their conservation indispensable.

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