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# UPSC Mains Daily Answer Writing - 6 November (GS 4)
- URL: https://www.upscprep.com/upsc-mains-daily-answer-writing-6-november-gs-4/
- Published: 2023-11-06T04:30:43.000Z
- Updated: 2023-11-06T04:30:42.000Z
- Author: UPSCprep.com
- Tags: UPSC Mains Daily Answer Writing

## **Questions**

**Q1\. (a) What do you understand by ‘moral integrity’ and ‘professional efficiency’ in the context of corporate governance of India? Illustrate with suitable examples. (10**)

**(b) “International aid” is an accepted form of helping ‘resource challenged’ nations. Comment on ‘ethics in contemporary international aid.’ Support your answer with suitable examples. (10**)

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### Model Solutions

**Q1\. (a) What do you understand by ‘moral integrity’ and ‘professional efficiency’ in the context of corporate governance of India? Illustrate with suitable examples. (10)**

**Introduction:**

- Define corporate governance-  
  - Corporate governance is the system by which companies are directed and controlled.
  - It is about promoting corporate fairness, transparency and accountability.

**Main Body:**  
Moral integrity in the context of corporate governance

- Moral integrity refers to the adherence to ethical and moral principles, values, and standards in all aspects of corporate decision-making and conduct. For eg: Chanda Kochhar, the former CEO of ICICI Bank, is an example that shows how being too greedy in the business world can lead to problems.
- It involves doing what is right, just, and fair, even when faced with challenges or temptations to compromise on ethical principles. For eg: During covid many companies retained their employees despite losses helped in rebuilding it after lockdown.
- Transparency and accountability, necessary to achieve economic and social goals. For eg: Implementing RTI and whistleblower acts
- Build an environment of trust- For eg: Present mass layoffs shows employees being used as Means to achieve the ends (Profit)

Professional efficiency in the context of corporate governance

- Professional efficiency involves the effective and competent management of resources, processes, and operations within a corporate entity.
- It focuses on achieving organisational goals and objectives efficiently, which often includes maximising profitability and shareholder value
- Competency and meritocracy over nepotism- For eg: Tata group

**Conclusion:**

- You can conclude by mentioning Uday Kotak Committee on corporate governance  
Or
- On the lines of compassionate capitalism  
  - Nation needs to embrace compassionate capitalism: Narayana Murthy

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**(b) “International aid” is an accepted form of helping ‘resource challenged’ nations. Comment on ‘ethics in contemporary international aid.’ Support your answer with suitable examples. (10)**

**Introduction**

- International aid means the transfer of money, goods or technical knowledge, from the developed to the under-developed countries.
- Such aids come in the form of FDI, grants, donations from people, religious, political or business organisations.
- Some recent examples: International aid pours in for earthquake stricken Morocco, flood hit Libya

**Main Body**  
Ethical dimensions to consider in international aid

- Sovereignty: Conditionalities affect the free will of the country- compromised sovereignty. For eg: In the Syrian conflict, international humanitarian agencies ran Cash for Work programs to help local communities but didn't respect Syria's government sovereignty
- Cultural Sensitivity: Country faces propaganda and vested interest and the proliferation of Monoculturalism.
- Lack of compassion in the name of aid and its driven by broader strategic interests for eg: U.S. aid to Pakistan for counterterrorism efforts.
- Conflict of interest of donor and donee
- Utilisation of funds- Lack of proper utilisation of funds due to corruption for eg: only 1% fund reach the needy population; seen in Ebola crisis of in west africa
- Economic exploitation: World Bank and IMF Grants come with large conditions like Opening markets for the world. This is called neo-colonialism by many experts.
- Local Empowerment- Development of Dependency culture on foreign aid
- Environmental dimensions - clean energy transfer should be aim but many aids are given to escape compliance mechanism

**Conclusion**

- Greater transparency, less conditions and ethical behaviour in international fund transfer can realise the potential of country
- International aid should keep the vision of “a more peaceful, prosperous and just world” enshrined in the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

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