1. Consider the following statements about Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary:
- It was originally notified in 1987.
- It consists of reserve forests in Chamarajanagar, Ramanagar and Mandya Districts of Andhra Pradesh.
- The forest is primarily of dry deciduous and scrub type.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 2 only
b) 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans: c
Exp: It consists of reserve forests in Chamarajanagar, Ramanagar and Mandya Districts of Karnataka State. So statement 2 is incorrect.
The wildlife sanctuary was originally notified in 1987 with an area of about 510 Km². Subsequently, it was expanded by adding more forest areas in stages, and its present extent is 1,027 Km².
The forest is primarily of dry deciduous and scrub types, but a wide range of forest types including moist deciduous, semi-evergreen, evergreen, shola, riverine, Hardwickia forest, etc. are encountered at different altitudes.
2. Consider the following statements:
- The Pyramid of Biomass in grassland is inverted.
- Pyramid of biomass in a pond is in an upright position.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans: d
Exp: Statement 1 is not correct: The pyramid of Biomass in grassland is in an upright position.
Statement 2 is not correct: The pyramid of biomass in a pond is inverted.
3. Consider following statements regarding Animal Welfare Board of India?
- It is enacted under Wildlife Protection Act of 1986.
- It comes under ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
Find out the correct statement(s).
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither I nor 2
Ans: d
Exp: It is formed under the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act of 1960 and comes under the Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying.
4. Consider the following statements regarding photochemical smog
- Cool, dry weather and temperature inversion are the ideal conditions for photochemical smog to occur.
- It is the chemical reaction of sunlight, sulphur oxides and volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere.
- Cities that are surrounded by mountains or that lie in the basins are more prone to this type of smog.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans: c
Exp: Photochemical smog, often referred to as "summer smog", is the chemical reaction of sunlight, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, which leaves airborne particles and ground-level ozone. Hence statement 2 is incorrect.
Photochemical smog depends on primary pollutants as well as the formation of secondary pollutants. These primary pollutants include nitrogen oxides, particularly nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and volatile organic compounds. The relevant secondary pollutants include peroxylacyl nitrates (PAN), tropospheric ozone, and aldehydes.
Ideal weather conditions: Cool, dry weather and temperature inversion (helps trap pollutants near the ground). Hence statement 1 is correct.
Ideal topography: Cities surrounded by mountains (Los Angeles), cities located in basins (Beijing). Hence statement 3 is correct.
5. Which of the following are the effects of acid rain?
- Irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract.
- Prevents leaching of heavy metals like aluminium, lead and mercury.
- Kills the eggs or sperms of fish, frogs and other aquatic organisms.
- Increases the pH of the soil.
- Microbial species in the soil and water shift from fungi-bound to bacteria-bound.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below
a) 1, 2, 3 and 5 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2, 3 and 5 only
d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 only
Ans: b
Exp:
Harmful effects of acid rain
Effects on humans
- Bad smells, reduced visibility; irritation of the skin, eyes and the respiratory tract. Hence 1 is correct.
- Some direct effects include chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema and cancer.
Effects on soil
- The exchange between hydrogen ions and the nutrient cations like potassium and magnesium in the soil cause leaching of the nutrients, making the soil infertile.
- Acid rain decreases the pH of the soil, causing its acidity to increase, which decreases the level of important nutrients found in the soil. This process can negatively affect the nutrition and overall growth of crops. Hence 4 is incorrect.
- The impact of acid rain on soil is less in India; because Indian soils are mostly alkaline, with good buffering ability.
Effects on aquatic life
- Eggs or sperms of fish, frogs and other aquatic organisms are sensitive to pH changes.
- Acid rain kills their gametes affecting the life cycles and productivity (ecosystem imbalances). Hence 3 is correct.
Effect on terrestrial life
- Acid rain damage cuticle of plant leaves and reduces photosynthesis.
- Acidic medium promotes leaching of heavy metals like aluminium, lead and mercury. Such metals when percolate into ground water affect soil micro flora/fauna. Hence 2 is incorrect.
Effects on microorganisms
- pH determines the proliferation of any microbial species.
- The optimum pH of most bacteria and protozoa is near neutrality.
- Most fungi prefer an acidic environment.
- Most blue-green bacteria prefer an alkaline environment.
- So, microbial species in the soil and water shift from bacteria-bound to fungi-bound. Hence 5 is incorrect.
- This causes a delay in the decomposition of soil organic material.
Effect on buildings, monuments and materials
- Many old, historical, ancient buildings and works of art/textile etc. are adversely affected by acid rain.
- Limestone and marble are destroyed by acid rain. Smoke and soot cover such objects. They slowly dissolve/flake away from the surfaces because of acid fumes in the air.
- Many buildings/monuments such as Taj Mahal in Agra have suffered from acid rain (Marble Cancer).
6. At what percent per annum will a sum of money triple in 16 years?
a) 10%
b) 12.5%
c) 15%
d) 16%
Ans: b
Exp:
P = P,
SI=2P,
T=16
SI = PTR/100
R= 100*SI/PT
Rate= 100*2P/P*16 = 12.5%.
7. Due to reduction of 25% in price of onion a customer can purchase 4 onion more for Rs.24. What is the original price of an onion ?
a) Rs 1
b) Rs 1.33
c) Rs 1.5
d) Rs 2
Ans: d
Exp: If the price of oranges fall by (1/x), then (1/(x-1)) more onion can be purchased with the same amount.
The price of onions has fallen by 25% or 1⁄4.
Therefore, the number onions that can be purchased more is (1/(4-1)) i.e. 1/3. Also, 1/3 of the onions is equal to 4 oranges.
Thus, the original number of onions is 12.
The original price of an onion = Rs.24/12 = Rs.2
1. Consider the following statements about Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary:
- It was originally notified in 1987.
- It consists of reserve forests in Chamarajanagar, Ramanagar and Mandya Districts of Andhra Pradesh.
- The forest is primarily of dry deciduous and scrub type.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 2 only
b) 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans: c
Exp: It consists of reserve forests in Chamarajanagar, Ramanagar and Mandya Districts of Karnataka State. So statement 2 is incorrect.
The wildlife sanctuary was originally notified in 1987 with an area of about 510 Km². Subsequently, it was expanded by adding more forest areas in stages, and its present extent is 1,027 Km².
The forest is primarily of dry deciduous and scrub types, but a wide range of forest types including moist deciduous, semi-evergreen, evergreen, shola, riverine, Hardwickia forest, etc. are encountered at different altitudes.
2. Consider the following statements:
- The Pyramid of Biomass in grassland is inverted.
- Pyramid of biomass in a pond is in an upright position.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans: d
Exp: Statement 1 is not correct: The pyramid of Biomass in grassland is in an upright position.
Statement 2 is not correct: The pyramid of biomass in a pond is inverted.
3. Consider following statements regarding Animal Welfare Board of India?
- It is enacted under Wildlife Protection Act of 1986.
- It comes under ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
Find out the correct statement(s).
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither I nor 2
Ans: d
Exp: It is formed under the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act of 1960 and comes under the Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying.
4. Consider the following statements regarding photochemical smog
- Cool, dry weather and temperature inversion are the ideal conditions for photochemical smog to occur.
- It is the chemical reaction of sunlight, sulphur oxides and volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere.
- Cities that are surrounded by mountains or that lie in the basins are more prone to this type of smog.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans: c
Exp: Photochemical smog, often referred to as "summer smog", is the chemical reaction of sunlight, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, which leaves airborne particles and ground-level ozone. Hence statement 2 is incorrect.
Photochemical smog depends on primary pollutants as well as the formation of secondary pollutants. These primary pollutants include nitrogen oxides, particularly nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and volatile organic compounds. The relevant secondary pollutants include peroxylacyl nitrates (PAN), tropospheric ozone, and aldehydes.
Ideal weather conditions: Cool, dry weather and temperature inversion (helps trap pollutants near the ground). Hence statement 1 is correct.
Ideal topography: Cities surrounded by mountains (Los Angeles), cities located in basins (Beijing). Hence statement 3 is correct.
5. Which of the following are the effects of acid rain?
- Irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract.
- Prevents leaching of heavy metals like aluminium, lead and mercury.
- Kills the eggs or sperms of fish, frogs and other aquatic organisms.
- Increases the pH of the soil.
- Microbial species in the soil and water shift from fungi-bound to bacteria-bound.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below
a) 1, 2, 3 and 5 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2, 3 and 5 only
d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 only
Ans: b
Exp:
Harmful effects of acid rain
Effects on humans
- Bad smells, reduced visibility; irritation of the skin, eyes and the respiratory tract. Hence 1 is correct.
- Some direct effects include chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema and cancer.
Effects on soil
- The exchange between hydrogen ions and the nutrient cations like potassium and magnesium in the soil cause leaching of the nutrients, making the soil infertile.
- Acid rain decreases the pH of the soil, causing its acidity to increase, which decreases the level of important nutrients found in the soil. This process can negatively affect the nutrition and overall growth of crops. Hence 4 is incorrect.
- The impact of acid rain on soil is less in India; because Indian soils are mostly alkaline, with good buffering ability.
Effects on aquatic life
- Eggs or sperms of fish, frogs and other aquatic organisms are sensitive to pH changes.
- Acid rain kills their gametes affecting the life cycles and productivity (ecosystem imbalances). Hence 3 is correct.
Effect on terrestrial life
- Acid rain damage cuticle of plant leaves and reduces photosynthesis.
- Acidic medium promotes leaching of heavy metals like aluminium, lead and mercury. Such metals when percolate into ground water affect soil micro flora/fauna. Hence 2 is incorrect.
Effects on microorganisms
- pH determines the proliferation of any microbial species.
- The optimum pH of most bacteria and protozoa is near neutrality.
- Most fungi prefer an acidic environment.
- Most blue-green bacteria prefer an alkaline environment.
- So, microbial species in the soil and water shift from bacteria-bound to fungi-bound. Hence 5 is incorrect.
- This causes a delay in the decomposition of soil organic material.
Effect on buildings, monuments and materials
- Many old, historical, ancient buildings and works of art/textile etc. are adversely affected by acid rain.
- Limestone and marble are destroyed by acid rain. Smoke and soot cover such objects. They slowly dissolve/flake away from the surfaces because of acid fumes in the air.
- Many buildings/monuments such as Taj Mahal in Agra have suffered from acid rain (Marble Cancer).
6. At what percent per annum will a sum of money triple in 16 years?
a) 10%
b) 12.5%
c) 15%
d) 16%
Ans: b
Exp:
P = P,
SI=2P,
T=16
SI = PTR/100
R= 100*SI/PT
Rate= 100*2P/P*16 = 12.5%.
7. Due to reduction of 25% in price of onion a customer can purchase 4 onion more for Rs.24. What is the original price of an onion ?
a) Rs 1
b) Rs 1.33
c) Rs 1.5
d) Rs 2
Ans: d
Exp: If the price of oranges fall by (1/x), then (1/(x-1)) more onion can be purchased with the same amount.
The price of onions has fallen by 25% or 1⁄4.
Therefore, the number onions that can be purchased more is (1/(4-1)) i.e. 1/3. Also, 1/3 of the onions is equal to 4 oranges.
Thus, the original number of onions is 12.
The original price of an onion = Rs.24/12 = Rs.2
Cover the entire CSAT syllabus in 70 hours.
Previous Post